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Lesson 48

A) Translate the सुभाषितानि at the beginning of the lesson:

. सत्यं वद
Speak the truth!

. धर्मं चर
Act according to righteousness and custom!

. मातृदेवो भव
Regard your mother as a deity!

. गौरवं प्राप्यते दानात्
Honor is attained through generosity.

. श्वः कार्यमद्य कुर्वीit
What is to be done tomorrow, do today. (Do not postpone until tomorrow what you can do today!)

. विद्याविहीनः पशुः
A person without education is livestock.

. लाघवं वैयाकरणस्य भूषणम्
Brevity is the ornament of the grammarian.


Fig.: विद्याविहीनः पशुः
(Image source: Details)


Translations into Sanskrit (Imperative)

B) Translate into Sanskrit using the imperative (preferably roots of the 2nd and 3rd class):

. पुत्रं लब्ध्वा कुलं जहाहि (Or: ... जहीहि / जहिहि )
Having obtained a son, leave the family!

. पौरवाः कृतपापेभ्यो बिभीत
Descendants of Puru, fear those who have done evil!

. कन्या भिक्षुभ्यो ऽन्नं ददतु
The girls should give food to the beggars.

. ब्रवाम (Or: वचाम )
We want to speak.


Fig.: वचाम
(Image source: Details)

. "एहि भिक्ष" इति बुद्धो नरमुपसमपादयत्
With the words "Come, monk!" the Buddha initiated the man into the order.

. सन्मानवाः स्त
Be true humans (descendants of Manu)!

. शिवादिदेवान्स्तवानि
I want to praise Śiva and the other gods.

. आख्याहि
Tell!

. नरकान्मिमीष्व
Measure out the hells!

१०. एतेषु शयनेषु शेरताम् १०
They should lie on these beds.

११. पुरुषव्याघ्रा इन्द्रशत्रून्घ्नन्तु ११
The tiger-like men should kill the enemies of Indra.

१२. समाधेहि १२ (Or: समाधत्स्व )
Concentrate!

१३. अत्राध्वम् १३
Sit here!

१४. तानि फलान्यदाम १४
We want to eat these fruits.

१५. दासो धेनुं दोग्धु १५
The servant should milk the cow.

१६. राजन्धर्मं जनांश्च पाहि १६
King, protect the law and the people!

१७. शिष्याञ्शाधि वेदम् १७ (Or: ... शाधि ...)
Teach the students the Veda!

१८. नवानि वस्त्राणि वस्ताम् १८
He should put on new clothes.

१९. मम गृह आसताम् १९
They should sit in my house.

२०. भर्तारो भार्या बिभ्रतु २०
Husbands should maintain their wives.


Fig.: तानि फलान्यदाम
(Image source: Details)


The Dharma of Women (स्त्रीधर्मः)

From the मनुस्मृति :

अस्वतन्त्राः स्त्रियः कार्याः पुरुषैः स्वैर्दिवानिशम्
विषयेषु सज्जन्त्यः संस्थाप्या आत्मनो वशे
Men must keep their women dependent day and night. Women, who cling to the objects of the senses, must be brought under their own control.

पिता रक्षति कौमारे भर्ता रक्षति यौवने
रक्षन्ति स्थाविरे पुत्रा स्त्री स्वातन्त्र्यमर्हति
The father protects her in childhood, the husband in youth, and the sons protect her in old age; a woman is not suited for independence.

काले ऽदाता पिता वाच्यो वाच्यश्चानुपनयन्पतिः
मृते भर्तरि पुत्रस्तु वाच्यो मातुररक्षिता
Blameworthy is the father who does not marry her at the right time; blameworthy is the husband who does not approach her at the right time; and blameworthy is the son who does not protect his mother after the death of the father.

सूक्ष्मेभ्यो ऽपि प्रसङ्गेभ्यः स्त्रियो रक्ष्या विशेषतः
द्वयोर्हि कुलयोः शोकमावहेयुररक्षिताः
Women are to be protected especially from trivial occasions; for unprotected, they would plunge two families into sorrow.

इमं हि सर्ववर्णानां पश्यन्तो धर्ममुत्तमम्
यतन्ते रक्षितुं भार्यां भर्तारो दुर्बला अपि
Recognizing this as the highest duty of all estates, even weak husbands strive to protect their wives.

स्वां प्रसूतिं चरित्रं कुलमात्मानमेव
स्वं धर्मं प्रयत्नेन जायां रक्षन्हि रक्षति
Whoever carefully protects his wife, truly protects his offspring, his conduct, his family, himself, and his religious duty.

पतिर्भार्यां संप्रविश्य गर्भो भूत्वेह जायते
जायायास्तद्धि जायात्वं यद् अस्यां जायते पुनः
The husband enters into his wife, becomes an embryo, and is then born here; this is the "husband-having" (जायात्वम्) of the wife, that the husband is reborn in her.


Fig.: अस्वतन्त्राः स्त्रियः कार्याः पुरुषैः स्वैर्दिवानिशम्
(Image source: Details)


Fig.: पतिर्भार्यां संप्रविश्य गर्भो भूत्वेह जायते
(Image source: Details)

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