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Grammar Index
The Grammar Index lists all grammatical topics and phenomena from the Sanskrit course and enables quick access to specific lessons.
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- -a m. (kṛt)
- -aka (kṛt), fem. often -ikā
- -ana n. (kṛt)
- -ch- within the word
- -ka (taddhita)
- -ti f. (kṛt)
- -tra n. (kṛt)
- -tva n., -tā f. (taddhita)
⟪
- अनिट् दा 3U "to give"
- अनिट्-Formation
- अव्ययीभाव Compounds
- उपपद-Compounds
- तद्धित-suffix -eya
- तद्धित-suffix -maya / -mayī
- महान्त्
- महान्त् "great"
- संवादः = Conversation
- सुभाषितम्
- सुभाषितानि यतो यतो निवर्तते ततस्ततो विमुच्यते । निवर्तनाद्धि सर्वतो न वेत्ति दुःखमण्वपि ॥१॥
- सुभाषितानि
- सुभाषिते (two proverbs)
- सेट् भू 1P "to become, to be"
- सेट्-Formation
- स्म
A
- A Verse with All Declension Forms (Singular) for राम
- a-Aorist
- Ablative (पञ्चमी)
- Accusative (द्वितीया)
- Accusative Singular and Plural of Interrogative and Demonstrative Pronouns
- Adverb formation: adverbial suffix -śas
- Adverbial Compounds
- Adverbial Use of Case Forms
- Adverbial Use of No Longer Common Case Forms
- Adverbially Used बहुव्रीहि
- Another classification of the types of Bahuvrīhis
- Aorist (लुङ्) 6: siṣ-Aorist (P only)
- Aorist (लुङ्) 7: sa-Aorist (thematic s-Aorist)
- Aorist 4: s-Aorist
- Aorist 5: iṣ-Aorist
- Assignments during the semester break
- Athematic Present Classes
- Athemeatic Present Classes
- Atherm Present Classes
- Ātmanepada Intensivum
- Attributive Determinations of Nouns (Word Order)
B
- Bahuvrīhi with a case-marked first member
- Bahuvrīhi with an adverbial first member
- Bahuvrīhi with appositional first member
- Bahuvrīhi with attributive first member
C
- Cardinal Numbers
- Case Endings of Consonant Stems
- Cerebralization Rule for -s- within the word
- Cerebralization Rule for Dentals within the word
- Classification of कर्मधारय
- Classification of तत्पुरुष
- Classification of Nominal Suffixes
- Compounds of the type सुकर / दुष्कर
- Compounds with an Adverb or a Case Used Adverbially as the Final Member
- Compounds with Cardinal Numbers in the First Member
- Conjugation of the Desiderative (सन्)
- Connecting vowel -i-
- Consonant Stems
- Consonant-final stems as the first member of compounds
- Copulative compounds (Dvandva n. = द्वन्द्व)
- cvi formations
D
- Dative (चतुर्थी)
- Declension of Comparatives in -īyas
- Declension of multisyllabic feminine nouns ending in -ū
- Declension of nominal stems ending in -as, -is, -us
- Declension of nouns ending in -ai, -o, -au
- Declension of Root Nouns Ending in -ā, -ī, -ū
- Declension of Stems Ending in -n
- Declension of stems ending in a simple consonant (except nasal, semivowel, -s)
- Declension of stems in -añc (-ac)
- Declension of Stems in -mant and -vant
- Declension paradigms to memorize
- Decomposition of compounds (except Dvandvas)
- Demonstrative Pronouns
- Demonstrative pronouns अदस् "that (distant)"
- Demonstrative Pronouns: तद् । एतद् । इदम्
- Denominatives (नामधातु)
- Determinative Compounds (तत्पुरुष) with Adverbial First Member
- Determinative compounds = Tatpuruṣa m. = तत्पुरुष
- Determinative compounds with a first member that stands in a non-attributive/appositional case relationship to the second member = Tatpuruṣa in the narrower sense
- Determinative compounds with attributive / appositional first component = Karmadhāraya m. = कर्मधारय
- Differences in the Usage of Gerundive Suffixes
- Disyllabic roots in -i/-ī with stem gradation
- Double Accusative
- Dual (द्विवचनम्) Aorist (लुङ्)
- Dual Endings of Nouns
- Dualdvandva
E
- Eighth Present Class (तनादि)
- Eighth Present Class (तनादिगणः)
- Endings
- Endings of the Imperative on athematic present stems
- Endings of the Imperative on thematic present stems
- Examples of Imperfect Formation
- Exercise
- Exercise 1
- Exercise 2
- Exercise 3
- Exercise on Metrics
- Expressing the Relationship of Entities Designated by Nouns: The Genitive (ṣaṣṭhī f. = षष्टी = sixth case ending)
F
- Feminine Root Nouns Ending in -ī
- Feminines in -ā: क्षत्रिया
- Feminines in -i: मति
- Feminines in -u: धेनु
- Fifth Present Class (स्वादि)
- Fifth Present Class (स्वादिगणः)
- First present class (भ्वादि)
- First Present Class (भ्वादिगणः)
- Form of the present stem
- Formation of Adjectives in -mant and -vant (taddhita)
- Formation of Adverbs with Adverbial Suffixes
- Formation of Feminines from Masculines
- Formation of the Ablative (पञ्चमी = "fifth case ending")
- Formation of the Absolutive
- Formation of the Absolutives (क्त्वा . ल्यप्) for the Causative
- Formation of the aorist of causatives and roots of the 10th present class
- Formation of the Dative (चतुर्थी)
- Formation of the Desiderative Stem
- Formation of the first person perfect forms (लिट्)
- Formation of the Future (ऌट्, भविष्यन्ती f.) for the Causative
- Formation of the Genitive Forms (ṣaṣṭhī f. = षष्ठी)
- Formation of the Imperative (लोट्) athematic present stems
- Formation of the Imperative (लोट्) athematic present stems (continued)
- Formation of the Imperative (लोट्) thematic present stems
- Formation of the Infinitive (तुमुन्)
- Formation of the Infinitive (तुमुन्) for the Causative
- Formation of the Locative (सप्तमी)
- Formation of the Optative Present (लिङ्)
- Formation of the Passive (यक्) from the Causative
- Formation of the PPP
- Formation of the PPP (क्त) for the Causative
- Formation of the present stem
- Formation of the Present Stem for the Causative (णि, णिच्, कारित)
- Formation of the simple future (ऌत्, भविष्यन्ती f.)
- Formation of the verb forms of the first person of the periphrastic perfect (अनुप्रयोगलिट्)
- Formation of the verb forms of the first person thematic present stems
- Formation of the verbal forms of the 2nd person (मध्यमः) athematic stems with a vowel-ending suffix
- Formation of the verbal forms of the 2nd person (मध्यमः) athematic stems without vocally ending suffix (continuation)
- Formation of the verbal forms of the 2nd person (मध्यमः) Perfect (लिट्)
- Formation of the verbal forms of the second person (मध्यमः) athematic stems without vocally ending suffix
- Formation of Verb Forms for the First Person of Athematic Present Stems
- Formation of Verb Forms for the First Person of the Simple Future - ऌत्
- Formation of verbal forms of the 2nd person (मध्यमः)
- Formation Types of the Aorist (लुङ्)
- Formation with suffix -ya, Parasmaipada
- Formation with the suffix -aya, -āpaya
- Formation with the Suffix -kāmya, Parasmaipada
- Formation with the Suffix -sya or -asya, Parasmaipada
- Formation with the Suffix -ya, Ātmanepada
- Formation without special suffix, Parasmaipada
- Fourth Present Class (दिवादि)
- Fourth Present Class (दिवादिगणः)
- Further कृत् formations on -a
- Further Exercises on the Use of the Dative
- Further on the Usage of the PPP
- Further on the Use of the Genitive (षष्ठी)
- Further present stems in -nt
- Future and Causative of the roots learned so far
I
- Indefinite Pronouns
- Indicative Present (laṭ = लट्)
- Inflection of the final member of a Bahuvrīhi
- Instrumental (तृतीया)
- Interrogative Pronouns
- Interrogative Pronouns and Demonstrative Pronouns
- Interrogative Pronouns: किम्
- Interrogative, Demonstrative, and Relative Pronouns
- Irregular Comparison
- iṣ-Aorist
L
- Laws of Sound Combination in the Word
- Lesson 40.7. Exercise
- Lesson 44.6. Exercise
- Lesson 48.5. Exercise
- Literature for Beginners in Indology
- Locative (सप्तमी)
M
- Masculines and Neuters in -in, -min, -vin
- Masculines and Neuters in -vant / -mant: गुणवन्त्
- Masculines in -a: नर
- Masculines in -i: अरि
- Masculines in -u: गुरु
- Meanings of nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a- / an-)
- Metrics (Study of Verse Meters)
- Metrics II: the epic त्रिष्टुभ् and the जगती
- Monosyllabic feminine root nouns ending in -ū
- Morphology Review Exercise
N
- Neuter of stems ending in -a
- Neuter of stems in -i and -u
- Neuters in -a: फल
- Ninth Present Class (क्र्यादि)
- Ninth Present Class (क्र्यादिगणः)
- No Connection with सु- and दुस्-
- Nominal compounds (samāsa m. = समास)
- Nominal formation
- Nominal formation: कृत् suffix -तृ
- Nominal Formation: कृत्-Suffix -as Neuter
- Nominal Formation: Regular Comparison
- Nominal formations from verbal compounds
- Nominative Plural Masculine and Feminine
- Nominative Singular ending in -s
- Nominative Singular in -s
- Nominative Singular of Feminine Nouns
- Nominative Singular without ending
- Nouns in -man and -van after consonants
- Nouns on -an as well as nouns on -man or -van after a vowel
- Numeral Adjectives
- Numeral Adverbs
O
- On Declension (Inflection of Nouns)
- On Nominal Derivation: तद्धित Suffixes -a and -ya
- On Nominal Formation: तद्धित-Suffix -in
- On Sanskrit terminology for compounds
- On the ablaut of ā
- On the formation of nominal stems
- On the Formation of Nouns
- On the Formation of Verb Forms
- On the meaning of the PPP
- On the Pronunciation of Individual Sounds
- On the Sandhi of Final Consonants
- On the usage of the Instrumental (tṛtīyā = तृतीया)
- On Word Sandhi
- On Word Sandhi for dh-
- On Word Sandhi for s-
- Ordinal Numbers
- Other ways to express reasons
- Overview of Regular Case Endings (विभक्ति)
P
- "Participle" of Passive Necessity (Gerundivum) (कृत्य)
- Padas of Compounds
- Parasmaipada Intensivum
- Passiv
- Passive and PPP of the roots learned so far
- Passive Voice (Suffix यक्)
- Perfect Passive
- Perfect Passive Participle (PPP)
- Perfect Type I: no stem gradation
- Perfect Type I: Perfect without stem gradation
- Perfect Type II: strong stem guṇa grade, weak stem zero grade
- Perfect Type II: Strong stem high grade, weak stem low grade
- Perfect Type II: Strong stem in guṇa grade, weak stem in zero grade
- Perfect Type III: strong stem guṇa/dīrgha grade
- Perfect Type III: Strong Stem Guṇa/Long-Guṇa
- Perfect Type III: Strong stem in guṇa/dīrgha grade
- Perfect Type IIIa: Strong Stem Guṇa/Long-Guṇa, weak stem Zero-grade
- Perfect Type IIIb: Strong Stem Guṇa/Long-Guṇa, weak stem Guṇa
- Perfect Type IV: Roots ending in -ā / -ai
- Perfect Type IV: Roots ending in -ā / -āi
- Perfect Type V: Consonant-a-Consonant
- Perfect Type V: Roots Consonant-a-Consonant
- Perfect Type Va: weak stem Weak grade
- Perfect Type Vb: Weak Stem Contraction (e-Type)
- Perfect Type Vc: Roots Consonant-a-Consonant. Weak Stem Strong Grade
- Periphrastic Perfect (अनुप्रयोगलिट्)
- Personal endings of the 2nd person (मध्यमः = "middle \
- Personal Pronouns (पुरुषार्थकसर्वनाम) of the First Person Singular and Plural
- Personal pronouns of the dual
- Plural Itaretaradvandva
- Polite forms of address
- Polysyllabic Feminines in -ī: देवी
- Possessive Compounds = बहुव्रीहि m.
- PPP + -vant: Past Participle Parasmaipada
- PPP in -ta (kta)
- PPP on -na-
- Preliminary Remarks
- Present Participle (लडादेशः) Ā, Passive Present Participle (लडादेशः) Ā, Future Participle (ऌडादेशः) Ā
- Present Participle (लडादेशः) Parasmaipada
- Present Participle Parasmaipada in -ant: सन्त्
- Primary endings of the 3rd person plural in athematic stems
- Primary endings of the third person (prathama m. = प्रथम = "first (!) person")
- Pronominal Adjectives
Q
- Question formulas
R
- Reading and Translation Exercise
- Reduplicated Aorist
- Reduplication of consonant-initial roots
- Reduplication of vowel-initial roots
- Relationship between Bahuvrīhi and Relative Clause
- Relative Pronouns: यद्
- Release into the ocean of Sanskrit literature: ಶ್ರೀಗಣನಾಥ / श्रीगणनाथ
- Remaining pronouns
- Review Exercise
- Review Exercise for the Christmas Holidays
- Root Aorist
- Root Nouns Ending in -ā at the End of तत्पुरुष
- Root nouns ending in -ī at the end of तत्पुरुष
- Root nouns ending in -ū at the end of तत्पुरुष
- Roots ending in -ā of the third conjugation class
- Roots of the second present class with stem gradation strong grade - weak grade
- Roots of the second present class with stem gradation: guṇa grade - zero grade
- Roots of the second present class without stem gradation
- Rules for the Augment
S
- s-Aorist
- Samāhāradvandva (समाहारद्वन्द्व = "collective dvandva")
- Sandhi -- सन्धि
- Sandhi for final nasals
- Sandhi of -m, -n before sibilants
- Sandhi of final -ai and -au
- Sandhi of final -d
- Sandhi of final -e
- Sandhi of final -m
- Sandhi of final -n
- Sandhi of final -r
- Sandhi of final -s
- Sandhi of initial ch-
- Sandhi of initial h-
- Schema for transitive verbs
- Schema I for intransitive verbs and verbs of motion
- Schema II for intransitive verbs and verbs of motion
- Second Present Class (अदादि = अद् etc.)
- Second present class (अदादि)
- Second Present Class (अदादि)
- Second present class (अदादिगणः)
- Second Present Class (अदादिगणः)
- Secondary Endings of the Third Person Singular and Plural
- Sentence Construction with the Causative (णि, णिच्, कारित)
- Sentence Sandhi of -ās
- Seventh present class (रुधादि)
- Seventh Present Class (रुधादि)
- Seventh Present Class (रुधादिगणः)
- Significance of Determining the Meter
- Simple Yes/No Questions (Word Questions) and Answers
- Sixth present class (तुदादि)
- Sixth Present Class (तुदादि)
- Sixth Present Class (तुदादिगणः)
- Solution of the Week
- Some Important Nominal Suffixes
- Some Kinship Terms
- Sound Change of Nasals in Words
- Sound change of the ending -dhve
- Special formations of the perfect
- Special Perfect Formations
- Special rules for forming the passive
- Spoken Sanskrit: Further Questions (praśna m. = प्रश्न)
- Stem gradation
- Stem Gradation of Nouns
- Stems ending in -h
- Stems ending in -ṛ
- Stems ending in a non-palatal stop
- Stems ending in a palatal stop (c, ch, j), ś, ṣ
- Stems in -an as the second member of a बहुव्रीहि
- Stems in -ṛ in compounds
- Stems with lengthened grade in the strong stem
- Stems with Stem Gradation
- Stems with strong grade in the strong stem
- Stems without Stem Gradation
- Subhāṣitāni = सुभाषितानि = Proverbs
- Suffix -sāt
- Syntactic Aspects of the "Participle" of Passive Necessity (Gerundivum) (कृत्य)
- Syntactical notes on आत्मन्
- Syntax
- Syntax of नामन्
- Syntax of the First Person (तृतीयः)
T
- Tenth Present Class (चुरादि) and Causatives
- Tenth Present Class (चुरादि) and Causatives (णिजन्त)
- Tenth Present Class (चुरादिगणः) and Causatives (णिजन्त)
- The 10th Present Class (चुरादि = चुर् etc.)
- The 5th present class (svādi = स्वादि = "su etc.")
- The 7th Present Class (रुधादि = "रुध् etc.")
- The 8th Present Class (tanādi = तनादि = "to stretch, etc.")
- The 9th Present Class (क्र्यादि = "क्री etc.")
- The a-aorist (Aorist with thematic vowel)
- The Absolutives (क्त्वा । ल्यप्)
- The accusative (Wenfall, dvitīyā f. = द्वितीया = "second case ending")
- The Adverb (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
- The Aorist of the 3rd person singular Passive
- The Benedictional (आशीर्लिङ्)
- The Causative (णि, णिच्, कारित)
- The Conditional (ऌङ्)
- The Dative (चतुर्थी = "fourth case ending")
- The Desiderative (सन्)
- The Dual (द्विवचन n.) of Nouns
- The Dual Endings (द्विवचनम्)
- The Dual Endings of the Perfect (द्विवचनम्)
- The Dual of A-Thematic Present Classes: Optative (विधिलिङ्), Imperfect (लङ्), Imperative (लोट्)
- The Dual of athematic present classes: Indicative Present (लट्)
- The Dual of Consonant-Stemmed Stems
- The Dual of Pronouns
- The Dual of the Periphrastic Perfect (अनुप्रयोगलिट्)
- The Dual of the Reduplicated Perfect (द्वित्वलिट्)
- The Dual of the Simple Future (ऌत्)
- The Dual of Thematic Present Classes: Indicative Present (लट्)
- The Dual of Thematic Present Classes: Optative (विधिलिङ्), Imperfect (लङ्), Imperative (लोट्)
- The Dual of Vowel-Stems
- The Dual Passive (Suffix -यक्)
- The Epic Śloka (श्लोक m.)
- The Form of the First Member in Compounds (समास m.)
- The Imperative (लोट्)
- The Imperfect (लङ्)
- The Infinitive (तुमुन्)
- The Infinitive (तुमुन्) for the roots learned so far
- The Injunctive
- The Instrumental (tṛtīyā f. = तृतीया = "third case ending")
- The Intensivum (Frequentativum) (चर्करीतम्)
- The Interrogative Sentence
- The metrical quantity of syllables
- The Neuter (napuṃsaka n. = नपुंसक)
- The Nominal Sentence
- The Nominative Singular
- The Numeral (सम्ख्या f.)
- The Participle परस्मैपद of the Reduplicated Perfect (द्वित्वलिट्)
- The Passive (Suffix -यक्)
- The Passive Sentence
- The Passive, Indicative Present (yak = यक्)
- The Past Tenses
- The Perfect (लिट्)
- The Perfect (लिट्) for the roots learned so far
- The perfect endings
- The periphrastic future (लुट्)
- The periphrastic perfect (अनुप्रयोगलिट्)
- The personal endings of the first person (:तृतीयः पुरुषः = "**third** person")
- The Present Participle Parasmaipada of the Roots of the 3rd Conjugation Class
- The Prohibitive Sentence
- The reduplicated aorist
- The reduplicated perfect (द्वित्वलिट्)
- The Reduplicating Consonant
- The Reduplication (अभ्यास m.)
- The reduplication vowel of the 3rd present class
- The Relative Clause
- The relative pronoun = व्यपेक्षकसर्वनाम n.
- The roots दा and धा
- The Second Person Personal Pronoun
- The Secondary Endings and Dual Imperative Endings of (द्विवचनम्)
- The so-called Cerebralization Law for -n- (a word sandhi)
- The Sounds of Sanskrit
- The Suffix -तस्
- The third present class (जुहोत्यादि = "जुहोति etc.")
- The Verbal Sentence
- The verbal sentence with a direct object
- The Vocative (आमन्त्रितम्)
- The Vocative Singular (आमन्त्रितमेकवचने)
- Thematic Present Classes
- Thematic stems
- Thematic Vowel, Thematic Present Classes
- Third present class (जुहोत्यादि)
- Third Present Class (जुहोत्यादि)
- Third Present Class (जुहोत्यादिगणः)
- Three-stem stems in -añc
- Translation Exercise
- Translation Exercise for Review
- Two-stemmed stems in -añc
- Type 1: No Stem Gradation
- Type 2: Strong Stem in Guṇa, Weak Stem in Zero Grade
- Type 3: Strong Stem in Guṇa/Dīrgha
- Type 4: Roots ending in -ā / -ai
- Type 5: Consonant-a-Consonant
- Types of Meters
- Types of the reduplicated perfect
U
- Usage of the Ablative (पञ्चमी)
- Usage of the Accusative (Wenfall, dvitīyā f. = द्वितीया = "second case ending")
- Usage of the Optative (लिङ्)
- Usage of the Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद) and Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद) in the Causative
- Usage of the simple future (ऌत्, भविष्यन्ती f.)
- Use of the Locative (सप्तमी f. = "seventh case ending")
V
- Verbal Compounds
- Verbal compounds expressing that something becomes or is made into what it was not before (अभुततद्भावः)
- Verbs of the 1st present class (bhvādi / bhūvādi = भ्वादि / भूवादि = "bhū etc.")
- Verbs of the 4th Present Class (divādi = दिवादि = "div etc.")
- Verbs of the 6th present class (tudādi = तुदादि = "tud etc.")
- Verbs with prefix
- Verbs without prefix: Absolutive in -त्वा
- Vocabulary
- Vocabulary list
- Vocabulary List
- Vocalic Sandhi
- Vowel Stems
W
- Word Formation: कृत् Suffix -u on Desiderative Stems
- Word list
- Word List
- Word List 2
- Word List for Translation Exercise
- Word Questions (Substitution Questions)
- Word Repetitions (द्विरुक्तम्)
- Word Sandhi for Palatal, Guttural, ṣ, h + -s
Y
- Yes/No Questions