Isifundo 22

22.1. I-Abolutivum (क्त्वा । ल्यप्)

Uma ufuna ukukhombisa ngesiSanskrit ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-Agens (कर्तृ) kudlula noma kuhambisana nokusebenza kwe-Agens okunye, usebenzisa i-Abolutivum (क्त्वा । ल्यप्). Ngakho-ke

"ngemuva kokuthi enze lokho, enza lokhu"; "enza lokhu, bese enza lokho"; "njengemiphumela yalokhu, enza lokho"; "ngiya, ngabona, ngaphumelela" nokufana nalokho

I-Abolutivum iyi-Verbal-Adverb, okusho ukuthi ayikwazi ukuguquguquka noma ukuguquguquka, kodwa ihlale inayo i-Agens efanayo (कर्तृ) nokusebenza, okudlula noma okuhambisana nokusebenza okuchazwe yi-Abolutivum. Ngakho-ke i-Agens ye-Abolutivum isemgogodleni (प्रथमा) noma i-Instrumentalis (तृतीया).

Ngaphezu kwezinto ezixubile, i-Abolutivum eyinye yezindlela zokukhombisa ezivame kakhulu ngesiSanskrit.

Ekusebenzeni ngesiJalimane, qiniseka ukuthi awukhulumi ngokuthi "ngemuva kokuthi" njalo. Kunalokho, sebenzisa izindlela zokukhombisa ezivamile ngesiJalimane zokuhlelwa kwesikhathi.

Ischema:

(incazelo engcono ye-Abolutivum: umkhankaso, into u.n.w.) - Abolutivum - Abolutivum - ... - Abolutivum - ... Agens + isitatimende se-Verbal (noma nge-Active noma nge-Passive)

Izibonelo:

गृहं प्रविश्य बालां दृष्ट्वा नरो वदति = Ukwakhiwa kwe-Passive: गृहं प्रविश्य बालां दृष्ट्वा नरेणोद्यते
"Indoda ingena endlini, ibona intombazane encane bese ikhuluma nayo."

I-Plural: गृहं प्रविश्य बालां दृष्ट्वा नरा वदन्ति ।

22.2. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Ābolutivu

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Ābolutivu

• Amaphoyisa angena i-Preverb: i-Ābolutivu ene-tvā
• Amaphoyisa ane-Preverb: i-Ābolutivu ene-ya noma -tya

22.2.1. Amaphoyisa angena i-Preverb: i-Ābolutivu ene -त्वा

Ukwakhiwa:

(okuvamile) impande esemkhatsini we-form efana nalokho eyakha i-PPP + -tvā (-त्वा)

Kuphela i-a- / an- ephikisayo iyavumelana ne-suffix -त्वा : अकृत्वा "ngaphambi kokwenza"

Izibonelo:

आप्त्वा "ngemuva kokuthi / yena / yena / yena / mina / wena / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / 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benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami / benu / bami

isisekelo esiphansi + -tya

Izibonelo:

प्रस्तुत्य "ngemuva kokuba (...) esake ngokukhuluma / kwakuseka"

विस्मृत्य "ngemuva kokuba (...) ukhohlwe / kwakukhohlwe"

संस्कृत्य "ngemuva kokuba (...) ulungiselelwe umhlatshelo / kwakulungiseliwe"

22.2.2.4. Amakhukhu ane-am / -an, aphela ku-a esisekelweni esiphansi

Okukhethwayo:

Isisekelo se-am / -an + -ya

noma:

Isisekelo se-a + -tya

Isibonelo:

विगम्य noma विगत्य "ngemuva kokuba (...) udlule / kwadlula"

22.3. Uhlu lwamagama

काम m.: ukuthanda, ukufuna; umnikelo ofunwayo, isithokozo sezinzwa, uthando, uNkulunkulu wothando

कामम् Akk. adverbiell: ngokuthanda, ngokwesifiso

Umfanekiso: कामदेवः

Ikhulu le-19
(Umthombo wesithombe: Imininingwane)

शक् 5 P शक्नोति Pass. शक्यते PPP शक्त Inf. शक्तुम् : ukwazi, kwenza

kusukela kulokhu:

शक्ति f.: ukwazi, amandla, isakhono; futhi: amandla okudala, abhekiswe njengomfazi ongumngane ikakhulukazi ku-शिव

शक्र m.: onamandla (igama elithi इन्द्र)

Umfanekiso: दुर्गाशक्तिः

iKolkata = কলকাতা
(Umthombo wesithombe: Imininingwane)

अर्ह 1 P अर्हति Pass. अर्ह्यते PPP अर्हित Inf. अर्हितुम् : ukuthola okufanele (ukuqinisekisa), kuvunyelwe, kumele ukwenze okuthile, kufanele (ku-2nd person अर्ह् + infinitive ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesiluleko esithambile: "Ungase")

22.3. Uhlu lwamagama

काम m.: ukuthanda, ukufuna; umnikelo ofunwayo, isithokozo sezinzwa, uthando, uNkulunkulu wothando

कामम् Akk. adverbiell: ngokuthanda, ngokwesifiso

Umfanekiso: कामदेवः

Ikhulu le-19
(Umthombo wesithombe: Imininingwane)

शक् 5 P शक्नोति Pass. शक्यते PPP शक्त Inf. शक्तुम् : ukwazi, kwenza

kusukela kulokhu:

शक्ति f.: ukwazi, amandla, isakhono; futhi: amandla okudala, abhekiswe njengomfazi ongumngane ikakhulukazi ku-शिव

शक्र m.: onamandla (igama elithi इन्द्र)

Umfanekiso: दुर्गाशक्तिः

iKolkata = কলকাতা
(Umthombo wesithombe: Imininingwane)

अर्ह 1 P अर्हति Pass. अर्ह्यते PPP अर्हित Inf. अर्हितुम् : ukuthola okufanele (ukuqinisekisa), kuvunyelwe, kumele ukwenze okuthile, kufanele (ku-2nd person अर्ह् + infinitive ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesiluleko esithambile: "Ungase")

अर्हन्त् 3 Isimiso. Samanje. P: ofanelekayo. KubuBuddha nakuJainism: umuntu ofinyelele insindiso yokugcina

व्रत n.: Isifungo, umsebenzi wenkolo, ukugcinwa kwenkolo (umuntu uthembisa unkulunkulu okuthile ukuze athole okuthile kuye. Isibonelo: umama uthembisa ukunikela indodakazi yakhe njengomthengisi wasethempelini (देवदासी) uma indodakazi yakhe isiphila. Okubalulekile व्रत namuhla: ukuzila ukudla; ukuzila ekudleni okuthandayo; ukuzila ucansi; ukufunda imibhalo engcwele; ukwenza amasiko athile; ukondla amaBrahmin njll. Ngamafuphi mayelana ne-व्रत: Walker, Hindu World Vol. II, S. 581f. Ngokuningiliziwe: P. V. Kane: History of Dharmaśāstra Vol. 5,1 S. 1 - 462. Lapho S. 253 - 462 uhlu lwe-व्रत nemikhosi yenkolo ("lolu hlu olulandelayo ... alufuni ukuba luphelele ngokuphelele" !!!)

चर् 1 P charati Pass. charyate PPP charita Inf. charitum (Sanskrit: चर् 1 P चरति Pass. चर्यते PPP चरित Inf. चरितुम्) : weiden, umhergehen, sich regen, sich bewegen, handeln, etwas ausüben, vollziehen (z.B. व्रतं चर्: ein Gelübde praktizieren, insbes. sexuelle Enthaltsamkeit)

davon:

चर ३: okuhambayo; n.: okuhambayo = izilwane (ngokungafani nezitshalo)

चरण n., m.: Fuss

चरित n.: Lebenswandel, Lebenstaten

ब्रह्मचर्य n.: Ukwenziwa kweVeda (ब्रह्मन्) = ukufundwa kweVeda esigabeni sokuqala sempilo (esika-ब्रह्मचारिन्), okudinga ukuzila ucansi okuqinile; ngakho-ke futhi: ukuzila ucansi, indlela yokuphila yobungcwele

Isithombe: धेनवश्चरन्ति
Goa = गोंय
(Umthombo wesithombe: Imininingwane)

22.4. Imisebenzi

A) Yakha futhi uhumushe i-absolute kuma-verb alandelayo:

1. आप्
2. प्राप्
3. समास्
4. आस्
5. समि
6. संस्कृ
7. कृ
8. गम्
9. उपगम् (Amofomu amabili)
10. जि
11. विजि
12. तन्
13. दह्
14. उपदिश्
15. नी
16. पच्
17. उपपद्
18. पा १
19. प्रच्छ्
20. बुध्
21. सम्बुध्
22. भज्
23. भू
24. प्रभू
25. मन्
26. मुच्
27. विमुच्
28. मृ
29. यज्
30. लभ्
31. उपलभ्
32. वच्
33. प्रवच्
34. वद्
35. प्रवद्
36. हन्

B) Humusha futhi uxazulule ama-composita ngesiSanskrit:

अन्नं पक्त्वा ब्राह्मणदासो ऽत्ति ॥१॥ इष्टदेवतापूजां कृत्वेन्द्रादिदेवान्सद्ब्राह्मणाः स्तुवन्ति ॥२॥ प्रस्थाय रामः सपुत्रः सद्गुरुश्रवणार्थेन ब्राह्मणग्रामं गच्छति ॥३॥ अनिष्ट्वा नरो भगवद्भक्तिमात्रेणापि मोक्षमाप्नोति ॥४॥ गृहगर्भं प्रविश्य ब्राह्मणपुत्रमुपस्थाय क्षत्रियशूरो वक्ति ॥५॥ सम्बुध्य दुःखाद्यार्यसत्यानि प्रोच्य सुगतो मोक्षमार्गेण नरान्नयति ॥६॥ मन्त्रं विस्मृत्य यजन्यज्ञदोषं करोति ॥७॥ धनं प्राप्य बुद्धमार्गभिक्षवो दुष्यन्ति ॥८॥ अनार्यशत्रुभिः संगत्य नरसिंहा विजयन्ते ॥९॥ पुण्यं कृत्वा सत्यमेवोदित्वा नरो नरकं नोपपद्यते ॥१०॥