Isifundo 19

19.1. Isitatimende esihambisanayo

Isakhiwo:

Isibalo sokubonisa -- Isitatimende esihambisanayo, esiqukethe igama elisayibhekisela kuso isitatimende esihambisanayo -- (Isibalo sokubonisa) -- Isitatimende esikhulu

Isitatimende esihambisanayo singaba ngemuva kwesitatimende esikhulu, kodwa asikwazi ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwesitatimende esikhulu.

**Isibalo sokubonisa kanye negama elibhekisayo, eliphakathi kwesitatimende esihambisanayo -- ngokuphambene nesilwane -- liyakhetha ukuthi liyini ngokwesakhiwo. Isibalo sokubonisa sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi 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ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi 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ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi sikhetha ukuthi

4. Isabizwana esihlobene kanye negama elihlobene kuse-Genetiv (षष्ठी):

यस्य नरस्य पुत्राः पापं कुर्वन्ति स न सुखवान् = "Akajabuli umuntu omadodana akhe enza okubi."

5. Isabizwana esihlobene kanye negama elihlobene kuse-Instrumentalis (तृतीया):

येन शत्रुणा ग्रामो जितस्तं द्विषन्ति = "Bayazonda isitha esinqobe / esithumbe umuzi wabo."

6. Isabizwana esihlobene kanye negama elihlobene kuse-Akkusativ (द्वितीया):

यं नरं देवी रक्षति स सुखमाप्नोति = "Indoda evikelwe unkulunkulukazi, ithola injabulo."

19.2. Isabizwana esihlobene = व्यपेक्षकसर्वनाम n.

यद् "yikuphi, yikuphi, yikuphi" ihlelwa njenge-तद्, kodwa nge-Sandhi ejwayelekile.

		Maskulinum पुंस्	Neutrum नपुंसक	Femininum स्त्री
Singular एकवचन	1. Nominativ प्रथमा	yas यस्	yad यद्	yā या
	2. Akkusativ द्वितीया	yam यम्	yad यद्	yām याम्
	3. Instrumentalis तृतीया	yena येन	yena येन	yayā यया
	6. Genetiv षष्ठी	yasya यस्य	yasya यस्य	yasyās यस्यास्
Plural बहुवचन	1. Nominativ प्रथमा	ye ये	yāni यानि	yās यास्
	2. Akkusativ द्वितीया	yān यान्	yāni यानि	yās यास्
	3. Instrumentalis तृतीया	yais यैस्	yais यैस्	yābhis याभिस्
	6. Genetiv षष्ठी	yeṣām येषाम्	yeṣām येषाम्	yāsām यासाम्

19.2. Isabizwana esihlobene = व्यपेक्षकसर्वनाम n.

यद् "yikuphi, yikuphi, yikuphi" ihlelwa njenge-तद्, kodwa nge-Sandhi ejwayelekile.

		Maskulinum पुंस्	Neutrum नपुंसक	Femininum स्त्री
Singular एकवचन	1. Nominativ प्रथमा	yas यस्	yad यद्	yā या
	2. Akkusativ द्वितीया	yam यम्	yad यद्	yām याम्
	3. Instrumentalis तृतीया	yena येन	yena येन	yayā यया
	6. Genetiv षष्ठी	yasya यस्य	yasya यस्य	yasyās यस्यास्
Plural बहुवचन	1. Nominativ प्रथमा	ye ये	yāni यानि	yās यास्
	2. Akkusativ द्वितीया	yān यान्	yāni यानि	yās यास्
	3. Instrumentalis तृतीया	yais यैस्	yais यैस्	yābhis याभिस्
	6. Genetiv षष्ठी	yeṣām येषाम्	yeṣām येषाम्	yāsām यासाम्

Njengoba yingxenye yangaphambili yama-composite, isiqephu यद् siyavela (kucatshangwa i-Sandhi).

19.3. Uhlu lwamagama

अर्थ m.: Inhloso, injongo, umqondo (wegama), ubuhlanti, impahla, amafutha. अर्थम् (Akk.), अर्थेन (Instr.) ne-Gen. noma njengeningxenye yangemuva ye-Tatpuruṣa: ukuze ..., ukuze.

अर्थ eyinye yezinhloso zokuphila ezintathu (पुरुषार्थ), njengoba kuchazwa emcimbini wezwe nasekukholweni:

धर्म m.: Ukuthola umusa ngokwenza okufanele, noma okungenani ukugwema ububi obungabangelwa ukungalandeli i-Dharma.

अर्थ m.: Ukuziphatha okusekelwe ekutholeni ubuhlanti.

काम m.: Ukuzonwabisa kwemizwa, ikakhulukazi endaweni yobulili.

Isithombe: कामः
Umlando we- कामसूत्र
(Umthombo wesithombe: Imininingwane)

स्था 1 P तिष्ठति Pass. स्थीयते PPP. स्थित : mela, hlala, qhubeka ukumela, ubekwe. (Ngokwesiko ibhekwa njengenhlaka yokuqala ye-Präsens, nakuba iyinhloko ye-Präsens ehlanganisa i-reduplication, njenge पा 1 पिबति)

स्था + उप 1 U उपतिष्ठति : mela phambili, uvele ngokuhlonipha ngaphambi komuntu

स्था + प्र 1 Ā प्रतिष्ठते : phuma, shiya

kusuka ku- स्था :

स्थान n.: Indawo, (ilungile) indawo, isikhundla

स्थिति f.: Ukuhlala, ukumelana, ukuqina

गर्भ m.: I-uterus, isibeletho, ngaphakathi, i-embryo / i-Foetus. Ekugcineni kwe-Bahuvrīhi ngokuvamile: "Ngaphakathi", isib.

धनगर्भ 3: "okungaphakathi kwayo kuyimali = lapho kunemali khona"

गर्भगृह n.: indawo engcwele engaphakathi kakhulu ethempelini lamaHindu, equkethe isithombe esibaluleke kakhulu sonkulunkulu sethempeli (ngokwakhiwa kwamathempeli amaHindu bheka: Volwahsen, A.: Indien : Bauten der Hindus, Buddhisten und und Jainas. -- München, 1968)

Umfanekiso: गर्भगृहम्

Badami (ಬದಾಮಿ)
(Umthombo wesithombe: Details)

वारिद m.: Wassergeber = Regenwolke

Umfanekiso: वारिदः

Goa (गोंय)
(Umthombo wesithombe: Details)

वा 2 P वाति Pass. वायते PPP. वान / वात : wehen

davon:

वात m.: Wind

वह् 1 U वहति Pass. उह्यते PPP ऊढ : führen, fahren (trans.)

छत्त्र n.: Sonnenschirm, Schirm

Umfanekiso: छत्त्रम्

"Onappottan (ഓണപ്പൊട്ടന്‍), in traditional costume is a custom in sourthern parts of Kerala. Onappottan visists houses during the onam and gives blessings. Off late onappottan has become a rare sight, confined to villages."
(Umthombo wesithombe: Details)

पण्डित m.: Gelehrter, Weiser ; 3: klug, bewandert (in)

Umfanekiso: पण्डितः जवाहरलाल नेहरू

१९५९
(Umthombo wesithombe: Details)

सेव् 1 Ā सेवते Pass. सेव्यते PPP सेवित : hlala eduze, hlala (Akk., Lok.) ; vakashela, hamba uye ku (Akk.) ; sebenza, nakekela, khonza ; zivocavoce, sebenzisa ; hlangana, yenza ucansi

नि Infix: phansi, ngaphakathi

सेव् + नि 1 Ā निषेवते : hlala ku-,uhlala ku-,uvakashela

अमुत्र : lapha, kwelinye uhlangothi

इह : lapha, kulolu hhlangothi

विद् 6 U विन्दति Pass. विद्यते PPP विन्न / वित्त : thola

भार्या f.: okufanele ukutholwe = umkakhe

प्रिय 3: thandekayo, enhle

मित्र n. (!): umngane

बान्धव m.: umzali

हि : ngoba, yebo ngempela (akuvumelekile ukuba kuqale isitatimende)

19.4. Ukuzivocavoca

Thumela isiSanskrit:

1. Umdeni we-Vaiśya, ongenayo indodana, uyakhala.

2. U-Rāma unikeza inkosi, eyimvikele.

3. Umdanisi udumisa u-Kṣatriya, onobuningi obufunayo.

4. Umlilo uyashisa indlu yomuntu, ongenayo u-Agni ngokunikezwa.

5. Umuntu onjengenhlanhla ubulala abasogoli be-Kṣatriya, abawine u-Rāma (Passive).

19.5. सुभाषितानि

Thumela:

येन येन च वातेन वारिदो वारि मुञ्चति । तेन तेन च वातेन छत्रं वहति पण्डितः ॥१॥

Incazelo: वारि Nom., Akk. sg. ku- वारि n.: Amanzi

यो धर्ममर्थं कामं च यथाकालं निषेवते । धर्मार्थकामसंयोगं सो ऽमुत्रेह च विन्दति ॥२॥

Incazelo: यथाकालम् Avyayībhāvakompositum: ngesikhathi esifanele; njalo, uma isikhathi esifanele sikhona.

सा भार्या या प्रियं ब्रूते स पुत्रो यस्तु जीवति । स जीवति गुणो यस्य धर्मो यस्य स जीवति ॥३॥ यस्यार्थास्तस्य मित्राणि यस्यार्थास्तस्य बान्धवाः । यस्यार्थाः स पुमांल्लोके यस्यार्थाः स हि पण्डितः ॥४॥

Incazelo: पुमान् Ibizo elilodwa ku-पुंस् "indoda" ; लोके Indawo eyodwa ku-लोक m.: ku-...