Exercise 38

A) Insert the appropriate form of the words in parentheses into the following sentences and translate them:

१. राज्ञि (or: राजनि) धर्मं रक्षत्यभया जनाः ॥ १ ॥ (राजन्)
When the king upholds justice and custom, the people are without fear.

२. आसीद्राजपुत्रो गौतमो नाम सुकृतकर्मोपपन्नो बुद्ध्या रूप्यमितबलः ॥ २ ॥ (नामन्)
Once upon a time there was a king's son — his name was Gautama — he had fulfilled his duties well, was full of insight, beautiful and of immeasurable strength.

३. राज्यस्य सीमस्वरयो राजानं योद्धुं तिष्ठन्ति ॥ ३ ॥ (सीमन् — सप्तमी बहुवचन)
Enemies stand at the borders of the realm to fight against the king.

४. वैश्यानां कानि नामानि ॥ ४ ॥ (नामन्)
What names do Vaiśyas have?

५. वैश्याः किंनामानः ॥ ५ ॥ (किंनामन्)
What names do the Vaiśyas bear?

६. कर्मण्यकर्म यः पश्येदकर्मणि च कर्म यः स बुद्धिमान्मनुष्येषु स युक्त इति भगवद्गीतायाम् ॥ ६ ॥ (कर्मन् — सप्तमी एकवचन)
"He who sees inaction in action and action in inaction, he is wise among men, he is a Yogi" — so it says in the Bhagavadgītā.

७. किं कर्म किमकर्मेति कवयो ऽप्यत्र मोहिताः ॥ ७ ॥ (कर्मन्)
Even poets are confused about what is action and what is inaction.

८. ब्रह्मभूतः प्रसन्नात्मा न शोचति न लुभ्यति ॥ ८ ॥ (प्रसन्नात्मन् — प्रथमा एकवचन)
He who has become the Absolute and whose soul is clarified, does not grieve nor desire.

९. कर्मणः सुकृतस्य सुफलमाहुः ॥ ९ ॥ (कर्मन् — षष्ठी एकवचन)
It is said that a well-performed deed yields good fruit.

१०. महीभोगो राज्ञां धर्मः ॥ १० ॥ (राजन् — षष्ठी बहुवचन)
Enjoying the world is the duty of kings.

११. राज्ञे बलिनो हस्तिनो दीयेरन् ॥ ११ ॥ (बलिन्, हस्तिन्)
One should give strong elephants to the king.

१२. ब्रह्मणा लोका असृज्यन्त ॥ १२ ॥ (ब्रह्मन् — तृतीया एकवचन)
Brahmā created the worlds.

१३. आत्मना कृतं पापमात्मनाकृतं पापम् ॥ १३ ॥ (आत्मन् — तृतीया एकवचन)
One does evil oneself, one refrains from evil oneself.

१४. सद्भी राजभिर्जनेभ्यो ऽभयं दीयते ॥ १४ ॥ (राजन्)
Good kings grant fearlessness to people.

१५. राजसु धर्मं न रक्षत्सु सभया जनाः ॥ १५ ॥ (राजन्)
If kings do not uphold law and custom, people are full of fear.

Fig.: राज्ञे बलिनो हस्तिनो दीयेरन्
(Image source: Details)

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Story: The Ten Fools (दश मूढाः)

मूढानां चेष्टितानि प्रायेण विनोदावहानि । यथा हि — एकदा दश मूढा देशाटनाय प्रस्थिताः । किञ्चिद्दूरं गतानां तेषामुपस्थिता काचिदगाधा नदी । बाहुभ्यां तरन्तस्ते कथमपि नदीं तीर्त्वा पारं गताः ॥ आसीत्तेषां मध्ये कश्चन वृद्धः । स किं सर्वे तीरमनुप्राप्ता ईति जिज्ञासमानस्तानेकैकशो गणयामास । परं नवैव परिगणितास्तेन । ततः स आक्रोशत् । अहो वयम् दश प्रस्थिताः । इदानीं नवैव स्मः । नूनमस्माकमेको नद्यां निमग्नः । गवेषयत तमिति । ततस्तेषामेकैको ऽपि गणनां चकार । परं नवैव दृश्यन्ते । ततस्तेषां व्याकुलीभूतानां महान्कोलाहलः समजनि । तत्रैव नातिदूरे कस्यचिदृषेराश्रमो ऽवर्तत । तत्र वसन्नृषिस्तेषां विवेष्टितमवलोक्योच्चैर्जहास । तस्य हासशब्दं श्रुत्वा मूढास्तरसा समुपसृत्य हासकारणमपृच्छन् । ऋषिराह । अहो । अनात्मज्ञा यूयम् । युष्माकमेकैको ऽपि नात्मानमगणयत् । तेनायं व्यामोहः संजात इति । तदाकर्ण्य ते मूढाः सलज्जमधोमुखाः प्रययुः ॥ (संस्कृतप्रथमादर्शः)

Translation:
Ten fools. The antics of fools are usually entertaining. For example: Once ten fools set out to wander around the country. After they had gone a short distance, a deep river blocked their path. Rowing with their arms, they somehow crossed the river and reached the other bank.

Among them was an old man. He wanted to know if everyone had reached the bank, so he counted each one individually. But he only counted nine. Then he shouted: "Hey! We set out as ten, now there are only nine of us! Surely one has drowned in the river! Search for him!" Thereupon each one of them counted again. But there were always only nine! Then they became agitated and a great uproar arose. Not far from there was the hermitage of a Ṛṣi. The sage living there observed their behavior and laughed loudly. The fools heard his laughter, rushed to him, and asked for the reason. The Ṛṣi said: "Ha! You do not know yourselves. Each of you failed to count himself. That is why this confusion arose." When they heard this, the fools departed ashamed and with bowed heads.