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Lesson 61

61.1. Declension of Root Nouns Ending in -ā, -ī, -ū

61.1.1. Root Nouns Ending in -ā at the End of तत्पुरुष

Before vocalic endings, the stem vowel in weak cases takes the zero grade Ø.

The declension is identical for masculine and feminine genders.

Paradigm:

विश्वपा m.f. "protecting the universe"

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
प्रथमा /
आमन्त्रितम्
विश्वपास्विश्वपौविश्वपास्
द्वितीयाविश्वपाम्विश्वपस्
तृतीयाविश्वपाविश्वपाभ्याम्विश्वपाभस्
चतुर्थीविश्वपेविश्वपाभ्यस्
पञ्चमीविश्वपस्
षष्ठीविश्वपोस्विश्वपाम्
सप्तमीविश्वपिविश्वपासु

61.1.2. Feminine Root Nouns Ending in -ī

Before a vocalic ending, -ī is replaced by -iy.

In addition to formations with regular case endings, in the Dative/Ablative/Genitive/Locative singular and Genitive plural, formations following the pattern of multisyllabic feminine nouns ending in -ī (देवी) also occur.

Paradigm:

धी f. "thought"

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
प्रथमा /
आमन्त्रितम्
धीस्धियौधियस्
द्वितीयाधियम्
तृतीयाधियाधीभ्याम्धीभिस्
चतुर्थीधिये / धियैधीभ्यस्
पञ्चमीधियस् / धिया्स्
षष्ठीधियोस्धियाम् / धीनाम्
सप्तमीधियि / धियाम्धीषु

Irregular: स्त्री f. "woman"

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
प्रथमास्त्रीस्त्रियौस्त्रियस्
द्वितीयास्त्रियम् / स्त्रीम्स्त्रियस् / स्त्रीस्
तृतीयास्त्रियास्त्रीभ्याम्स्त्रीभिस्
चतुर्थीस्त्रियैस्त्रीभ्यस्
पञ्चमीस्त्रियास्
षष्ठीस्त्रियोस्स्त्रीणाम्
सप्तमीस्त्रियाम्स्त्रीषु
आमन्त्रितम्स्त्रिस्त्रियौस्त्रियस्


Fig.: स्त्रियः
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

61.1.3. Root nouns ending in -ī at the end of तत्पुरुष

Before vowel endings, -ī is replaced by -y if it is preceded only by a consonant belonging to the root. If several consonants belonging to the root precede, -ī before a vowel ending is replaced by -iy.

The declension is identical in the masculine and feminine genders.

Irregularity: Compounds ending in -नी "leading" have the ending -ām in the locative singular (like देवी):
e.g. ग्रामणी "leading a troop/village": loc.sg.m.f. ग्रामण्याम्

Paradigms:

शुद्धधी m., f. "thinking purely"

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
प्रथमा /
आमन्त्रितम्
शुद्धधीस्शुद्धध्यौशुद्धध्यस्
द्वितीयाशुद्धध्यम्
तृतीयाशुद्धध्याशुद्धधीभ्याम्शुद्धधीभिस्
चतुर्थीशुद्धध्येशुद्धधीभ्यस्
पञ्चमीशुद्धध्यस्
षष्ठीशुद्धध्योस्शुद्धध्याम्
सप्तमीशुद्धध्यिशुद्धधीषु

यवक्री m., f. "buying barley"

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
प्रथमा /
आमन्त्रितम्
यवक्रीस्यवक्रियौयवक्रियस्
द्वितीयायवक्रियम्
तृतीयायवक्रियायवक्रीभ्याम्यवक्रीभिस्
चतुर्थीयवक्रियेयवक्रीभ्यस्
पञ्चमीयवक्रियस्
षष्ठीयवक्रियोस्यवक्रियाम्
सप्तमीयवक्रियियवक्रीषु

61.1.4. Monosyllabic feminine root nouns ending in -ū

Stem before vowel: -uv

Declension analogous to feminine root nouns ending in -ī

Paradigm:

भू f. "earth"

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
प्रथमा /
आमन्त्रितम्
भूस्भुवौभुवस्
द्वितीयाभुवम्
तृतीयाभुवाभूभ्याम्भूभिस्
चतुर्थीभुवे / भुवैभूभ्यस्
पञ्चमीभुवस् / भुवास्
षष्ठीभुवोस्भुवाम्
सप्तमीभुवि / भुवाम्भूषु

61.1.5. Root nouns ending in -ū at the end of तत्पुरुष

Before vocalic endings, -ū is replaced by -v if it is preceded only by a consonant belonging to the root. If several consonants belonging to the root precede, -ū before a vocalic ending is replaced by -uv.

Declension in the masculine and feminine is identical.

Paradigm:

खलपू m., f. "sweeping the barn"

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
प्रथमा /
आमन्त्रितम्
खलपूस्खलप्वौखलप्वस्
द्वितीयाखलप्वम्
तृतीयाखलप्वाखलपूभ्याम्खलपूभिस्
चतुर्थीखलप्वेखलपूभ्यस्
पञ्चमीखलप्वस्
षष्ठीखलप्वोस्खलप्वाम्
सप्तमीखलप्विखलपूषु


Fig.: रथ्याप्वः काशीपुर
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

61.1.6. Declension of multisyllabic feminine nouns ending in -ū

Multisyllabic feminine nouns ending in -ū are declined analogously to multisyllabic stems ending in -ī (देवी), but they end in Nom. sg. with -s.

Paradigm:

वधू f. "young woman, bride"

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
प्रथमावधूस्वध्वौवध्वस्
द्वितीयावधूम्वधूस्
तृतीयावध्वावधूभ्याम्वधूभिस्
चतुर्थीवध्वैवधूभ्यस्
पञ्चमीवध्वास्
षष्ठीवध्वोस्वधूनाम्
सप्तमीवध्वाम्वधूषु
आमन्त्रितम्वधुवध्वौवध्वस्


Fig.: वध्वौ जोधपुर
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

61.2. The periphrastic future (लुट्)

In addition to the simple future (ऌत्), there is a periphrastic future (लुट्). According to the teachings of indigenous grammarians, it is used to denote the distant future ("after the current day"), while the simple future denotes the near future ("on the current day"). In Classical Sanskrit, it seems that no distinction in usage is usually made between the two futures.

Formation:

The periphrastic future is formed by combining a noun of agent in -tṛ with the present tense of अस् 2. As the third person, the simple noun serves in the corresponding number, without distinction in grammatical gender. In combinations with अस्, the noun has the form of Nom.sg. in -tā for all persons and numbers.

The endings of the periphrastic future are therefore:

परस्मैपदम्आत्मनेपदम्
एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
1. तृतीयः-tāsmi
(-tā + asmi)
-tāsvas-tāsmas
(-tā smas)
-tāhe-tāsvahe-tāsmahe
2. मध्यमः-tāsi-tāsthas-tāstha-tāse-tāsāthe-tādhve
3. प्रथमः-tā-tārau-tāras-tā-tārau-tāras

Form of the root: The root generally has the same form as in the simple future. This also applies to the connecting vowel -i-.

Examples:

दा 3Uदातास्मि, दतासि, दाता etc.
भू 1Pभवितास्मि ... भाविता etc.
तुद् 6Uतोत्तास्मि ... तोत्ता etc.
गै 1Pगातास्मि ... गाता etc.

Paradigm:

दा 3U

परस्मैपदम्आत्मनेपदम्
एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
1. तृतीयःदातास्मिदातास्वस्दातास्मस्दाताहेदातास्वहेदातास्महे
2. मध्यमःदातासिदातास्थस्दातास्थदातासेदातासथेदाताध्वे
3. प्रथमःदातादातारौदातारस्दातादातारौदातारस्

The verb अस् is separated from the nominal stem only very rarely.

61.3. The Intensivum (Frequentativum) (चर्करीतम्)

An intensive form (चर्करीतम्) can be formed from every monosyllabic root of the first nine present classes that begins with a consonant; this means: with few exceptions, no intensive form can be formed from disyllabic roots (e.g. जागृ), vowels-initial roots, and roots of the 10th present class (चुरादिगण).

The intensive means:

  • that a person or thing repeatedly does or experiences what is expressed by the root
    कृ 8U: चेक्रीयते / चर्करीति "he does repeatedly"
    भू 1P: बोभूयते / बोभवीति "he is (becomes) often"

  • that a person or thing does or experiences something intensively, as expressed by the root:
    कृ 8U: चेक्रीयते / चर्करीति "he does intensively, he does vigorously"

  • for roots expressing movement, the intensive means curved movement:
    व्रज् 1P: वव्रज्यते "he goes in curves" (NOT: "he goes often")

  • for some roots (list: Kielhorn, Grammar § 458b) the intensive means blame:
    लुप् 6U: लोलुप्यते "he cuts poorly"
    सद् 1P: सासद्यते "he sits down poorly"


Fig.: सर्पो वव्रज्यते ॥
Karnataka = ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

Formation of the intensive:

There are two formation types of the intensive:

  • Ātmanepada-intensive
  • Parasmaipada-intensive

Both are formed from the root reduplicated with strong reduplication. Both do not differ in meaning. Both can be formed from the same roots.

61.3.1. Ātmanepada Intensivum

Formation:

reduplicated root + -ya-

Form of the root: in general as in the passive, i.e. mostly in the guṇa grade:

Examples:

स्वप् 2P: Pass. सुप्यते ; Intens. सोषुप्यते दा 3U: Pass. दीयते ; Intens. देदीयते

The rules in detail can be found in Kielhorn, Grammar § 461.

Reduplication: according to the general rules. However, the reduplicative vowel: instead of a,i,u stands ā, e, o
Examples:

दा 3Uदेदीय-
भू 1Pबोभूय-
कृ 8Uचेक्रीय-
जीव् 1Pजेजीव्य-
शास् 2Pशेशिष्य-
ज्ञा 9Uजाज्ञाय-

Roots of the form -a-Nasal do not lengthen the vowel in the reduplicative syllable, but rather repeat the nasal.

e.g. यम् 1P: यंयम्य-

With some roots, -nī- or -rī- (-rī- with roots that contain an ṛ in the Intensivum) appears between the vowel of the reduplicative syllable and the initial consonant of the root.

e.g.
पत् 1P: नीपत्य-
वृत् 1Ā: रीवृत्य-

Conjugation:

  • Present stem: like an Ātmanepada of the 4th present class (दिवादिगण).
  • Passive and other tense stems: if a vowel precedes the -ya- of the Intensivum stem, then the -ya- is replaced by -y-, if a consonant precedes the -ya-, then the -ya- is dropped:
  • Passive Present: बुध् : बोबुध्यते ; भू : बोभूय्यते
  • Perfect: periphrastic: बोबुधाञ्चक्रे ; बोभूयाञ्चक्रे
  • Aorist: iṣ-Aorist (Aorist 5): अबोबुधिष्ट ; अबोभूयिष्ट
  • Future: seṭ: बोबुधिष्यते ; बोभूयिष्यते
  • periphrastic future: बोबुधिता ; बोभूयिता

61.3.2. Parasmaipada Intensivum

Present stem (other forms are extremely rare): Formation and conjugation like a verb of the 3rd present class (जुहोत्यादिगण) with the difference that the vowel of the reduplication syllable is high-level, and in case of -a- it is long.

In the singular indicative present as well as in 2.3.sg imperfect and 3.sg imperative, an -ī- can be inserted between the root and the ending. If this -ī- is inserted, a short vowel in penultimate position must not be guṇated.

Regarding reduplication with nasal as well as the insertion of -nī- or -rī-, the same rules apply as for the Ātmanepada Intensivum. Instead of -rī-, optionally -ri- may stand.

Paradigm:

भू 1P

Indicative Present (लट्):

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
1. तृतीयःबोभोमि । बोभवीमिबोभूवस्बोभूमस्
2. मध्यमःबोभोषि । बोभवीषिबोभूथस्बोभूथ
3. प्रथमःबोभोति । बोभवीतिबोभूतस्बोभुवति

Imperfect (लङ्):

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
1. तृतीयःअबोभवम्अबोभूवअबिभूम
2. मध्यमःअबोभोस् । अबोभवीस्अबोभूतम्अबोभूत
3. प्रथमःअबोभोत् । अबोभवीत्अबोभूताम्अबोभुवुर्

Imperative (लोट्):

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
1. तृतीयःबोभवानिबोभवावबोभवाम
2. मध्यमःबोभूहिबोभूतम्बोभूत
3. प्रथमःबोभोतु । बोभवितुबोभूताम्बोभुवतु

Optative (विधिलिङ्):

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
1. तृतीयःबोभूयाम्बोभूयावबोभूयाम
2. मध्यमःबोभूयास्बोभूयातम्बोभूयात
3. प्रथमःबोभूयात्बोभूयाताम्बोभूयुर्

61.4. Denominatives (नामधातु)

Denominatives (नामधातवः) are formed, in contrast to the verbs treated so far, not from a verbal root but from a nominal stem. There are various types of formation here.

61.4.1. Formation without special suffix, Parasmaipada

Meaning:

a person or thing behaves as that which is designated by the nominal stem, or resembles it.

Conjugation:

in the present stem like a verb of the 1st class (भ्वादिगण). If the noun ends in a vowel, only the final vowel is treated like the root vowel of the 1st class. Final -a drops before the thematic vowel. A vowel preceding a final nasal is replaced by the corresponding long vowel.

Examples:

कवि m. "poet"कवयति "he behaves like a poet"
भू f. "earth"भवति "he behaves like the earth"
पितृ "father"पितरति "he behaves like a father"
कृष्ण m. Kṛṣṇaकृष्णति "he behaves like Kṛṣṇa"
माला f. "garland"मालाति "it resembles a garland"
राजन् m. "king"राजानति "he behaves like a king"

61.4.2. Formation with suffix -ya, Parasmaipada

Meaning:

  • someone desires what is denoted by the nominal stem
  • someone treats or regards a person or thing as what is denoted by the nominal stem

Stem Formation:

before the -ya, the final sound of the nominal stem undergoes the following changes:

  • a, ā » ī : पुत्र » पुत्रीय-
  • i, u » ī, ū : कवि » कवीय-
  • ṛ » rī : कर्तृ » कर्त्रीय-
  • o » av : गो » गव्य-
  • au » āv : नौ » नाव्य-
  • a final nasal is dropped, the preceding vowel is treated according to the rules just mentioned: राजन् » राजीय-
  • other final consonants remain unchanged

Examples:

पुत्र m. "son"पुत्रीयति "he desires a son"
कवि m. "poet"कवीयति "he desires a poet"
गो f. "cow"गव्यति "he desires a cow"
राजन् m. "king"राजीयति "he desires a king"
विष्णु m. Viṣṇuविष्णूयति "he treats someone as Viṣṇu"
प्रासाद m. "palace"प्रासादीयति "he regards (e.g. his hut) as a palace"

Note the meaning of:

तपस् n. "austerity"तपस्यति "he practices austerity"
नमस् n. "veneration"नमस्यति "he venerates"


Fig.: किं तपस्यति न वा ?
हरिद्वार
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)


Fig.: बालौ शिवं नमस्यतः ॥
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

61.4.3. Formation with the Suffix -kāmya, Parasmaipada

Meaning:

someone wishes for what is denoted by the nominal stem

Examples:

पुत्र m. "son"पुत्रकाय्म्यति "he wishes for a son"
यशस् n. "fame"यशस्काम्यति "he wishes for fame"


Fig.: यशस्काम्यन्ति मुंबई
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

61.4.4. Formation with the Suffix -sya or -asya, Parasmaipada

Meaning:

someone desires intensely what is denoted by the nominal stem.

Examples:

मधु n. "honey"मधुस्यति । मध्वस्यति "he desires honey intensely"
अश्व m. "stallion"अश्वस्यति "(the mare) desires the stallion intensely"


Fig.: कस्तत्र न मधुस्यति ?
Karli
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

61.4.5. Formation with the Suffix -ya, Ātmanepada

Meaning:

someone behaves as what is denoted by the nominal stem, or resembles it.

Formation:

  • final -a » -ā
  • final -ā remains unchanged
  • otherwise as before -ya, Parasmaipada (see above 4.2.)
  • final -as optionally » -ā
  • feminine stem usually » masculine stem

Examples:

कृष्ण m. Kṛṣṇaकृष्णायते "he behaves like Kṛṣṇa
यशस् 3 "famous"यशायते । यशस्यते "he behaves like a famous person"
कुमारी f. "girl"कुमारायते "he behaves like a girl"

For some nominal stems, this suffix means: something becomes like that, or becomes what is designated by the nominal stem:

e.g. उन्मनस् 3 "arouses": उन्मनायते "he is aroused"

In some cases, verbs with different meanings are formed using this suffix:

Examples:

दुःख n. "suffering" : दुःखायते "he experiences suffering"
शब्द m. "sound" : शब्दायते "he makes a sound"


Fig.: श्वानौ शब्दायेते
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

61.4.6. Formation with the suffix -aya, -āpaya

Various meanings.

Conjugated like causatives.

Examples:

सत्य 3 "true"स्तयपायति "he declares true"
मुण्ड 3 "shorn bald"मुण्डयति "he shaves bald"


Fig.: भिक्षुर्मुण्डयते ।
Thailand - เมืองไทย
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

A list of denominatives, e.g. in:


Fig.:
1845 - 1878 Professor of Indo-Oriental Philology at the University of Copenhagen
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

Westergaard, Niels Ludvig (1815–1878): Radices linguae Sanscritae ad decreta grammaticorum definivit atque copia exemplorum exquisitiorum illustravit / N. L. Westergaard. -- Bonnae ad Rhenum : König, 1841. -- Pp. 335 - 341.

61.5. The Benedictional (आशीर्लिङ्)

Meaning:

Blessing Wish

Education:

Parasmaipada:

low-grade root + yās + secondary ending

e.g. बुध्यासम् "may I recognize!"

Ātmanepada:

(mostly) high-grade root + sī(y) + secondary ending

or:

(high-grade) root + + sī(y) + secondary ending

e.g.
जि : जेषीय "may I conquer for my own benefit!"
बुध् : बोधिषीय "may I recognize"

The rules for the form of the root in detail can be found in Kielhorn, Grammar § 380ff.

Paradigm:

बुध् "to awaken"

परस्मैपदम्आत्मनेपदम्
एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
1. तृतीयःबुध्यासम्बुध्यास्वबुध्यास्मबोधिषीयबोधिषीवहिबोधिषीमहि
2. मध्यमःबुध्यास्बुध्यास्तम्बुध्यास्तबोधिषीष्ठास्बोधिषीयास्थाम्बोधिषीध्वम्
3. प्रथमःबुध्यात्बुध्यास्ताम्बुध्यासुर्बोधिषीष्टबोधिषीयास्ताम्बोधिषीरन्


Fig.: नववर्षं शुभं भूयात् ॥
Santa Cruz Basilica, Kochi = കൊച്ചി
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

61.6. The Conditional (ऌङ्)

The Conditional (ऌङ्) is used when one wants to express in conditional sentences that what is stated as the condition is not the case / has not been the case / will not be the case. The conditional must be used in such sentences both in the conditional clause and in the main clause.

Example:

सुवृष्टिश्चेदभविष्यत्सुभिक्षमभविष्यत् "If it had rained well (or were to rain), there would be abundant food. (But it did not (sufficiently) rain.)"

Formation of the Conditional (ऌङ्):

Augment + stem of the simple future (ऌत्) + secondary endings

i.e., like an imperfect (लङ्) to the future stem.

e.g., अदास्यम् ; अभविष्यम् ; अतोत्स्यम्

Paradigm:

भू "to be, to become"

परस्मैपदम्आत्मनेपदम्
एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
1. तृतीयःअभविष्यम्अभविष्यावअभविष्यामअभविष्येअभविष्यावहिअभविष्यामहि
2. मध्यमःअभविष्यस्अभविष्यतम्अभविष्यतअभविष्यथास्अभविष्येथाम्अभविष्यध्वम्
3. प्रथमःअभविष्यत्अभविष्यताम्अभविष्यन्अभविष्यतअभविष्येताम्अभविष्यन्त

61.7. Declension of nouns ending in -ai, -o, -au

Before vowels these stems end in -ai, -o, -au; before consonants in -āy, -av, -āv

गो m.f. "ox, cow" has stem gradation. See the explanation in detail at Thumb-Hauschild § 296/7.

Paradigms: Kielhorn, Grammar § 153:


(Bildekilde: Detaljer)


Fig.: हरिद्वारे गावः ॥
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

61.8. Remaining pronouns

61.8.1. Personal pronouns of the dual

Kielhorn, Grammar § 177:


(Bildekilde: Detaljer)


Fig.: आवां स्वसारौ ॥
Apatani people, Arunachal Pradesh
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

61.8.2. Demonstrative pronouns अदस् "that (distant)"

Masculine (पुंस्)

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
प्रथमाअसौअमूअमी
द्वितीयाअमुम्अमून्
तृतीयाअमुनाअमूभ्याम्अमीभिस्
चतुर्थीअमुष्मैअमीभ्यस्
पञ्चमीअमुष्मात्
षष्ठीअमुष्यअमुयोस्अमीषाम्
सप्तमीअमुष्मिन्अमीषु

Neuter (नपुंसक)

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
प्रथमाअदस्अमूअमूनि
द्वितीया

Rest as Masculine

Feminine (स्त्री)

एकवचनम्द्विवचनम्बहुवचनम्
प्रथमाअसौअमूअमूस्
द्वितीयाअमूम्
तृतीयाअमुनाअमूभ्याम्अमूभिस्
चतुर्थीअमुष्यैअमूभ्यस्
पञ्चमीअमुष्यास्
षष्ठीअमुयोस्अमूषाम्
सप्तमीअमुष्याम्अमूषु

61.9. Release into the ocean of Sanskrit literature: ಶ್ರೀಗಣನಾಥ / श्रीगणनाथ

After completing the Sanskrit course, only then does the actual "swimming" in the ocean of Sanskrit literature begin. Since this ocean is full of obstacles, it is appropriate to begin this new phase of life with an invocation of Gaṇeśa:


Fig.: श्रीगणनाथः
Halebidu (ಹಳೆಬೀಡು), 12th/13th century CE
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

śrīgaṇanātha sindhuravarṇa karuṇāsagara kariavadana

a-lambōdara lakumīkara
-a-bāsuta amaraveluta
a-lambōdara lakumīkara

siddhācāraṇa gaṇasēvita siddhi-vināyaka tē namō namō

a-lambōdara lakumīkara
-a-bāsuta amaraveluta
a-lambōdara lakumīkara

sakalavidyādipūjita sarvōttama tē namō namō

a-lambōdara lakumīkara
-a-bāsuta amaraveluta
a-lambōdara lakumīk
श्रीगणनाथ सिन्धुरवर्ण करुणासागर करिवदन

लम्बोदर लकुमीकर
अम्बासुत अमरविनुत
लम्बोदर लकुमीकर १

सिद्धचारण गणसेवित सिद्धिविनायक ते नमो नमो

लम्बोदर लकुमीकर
अम्बासुत अमरविनुत
लम्बोदर लकुमीकर

सकलविद्यादिपूजित सर्वोत्तम ते नमो नमो

लम्बोदर लकुमीकर
अम्बासुत अमरविनुत
लम्बोदर लकुमीकर

१ लकुमीकरलक्ष्मीकर

śrīgaṇanātha / श्रीगणनाथ by Purandaradāsa (ಪುರಂದರ ದಾಸ) (1484 - 1564)

Composer and poet: Purandaradāsa (ಪುರಂದರ ದಾಸ) (1484 - 1564)

Rāga: Malahari (to मायामाळवगौळ = Māyāmālavagauḷa = ಮಾಯಾಮಾಲವಗೌಳ = மாயாமாளவகௌளை):

  • ārohaṇa: s r1 m1 p d1 S

  • avarohaṇa: S d1 p m1 g3 r1 s

Tāla: Rūpaka: o |4


Fig.: Melody, referenced to c, can be transposed depending on vocal range.
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

śrīgaṇanātha / श्रीगणनाथ stands at the beginning of instruction in Kannarese music. See the video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tG91JF-qKIY. -- Accessed on 2009-03-05

Now that you have learned the basics of Sanskrit, hopefully you are like the toddlers in the video: sometimes clumsy, but eager to learn and acquire knowledge, with joy in what you do. Keep "a beginner's mind" until the end of your life.

This is wished for you by your Alois Payer

Ofterdingen, 2009-03-09

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END OF THE SANSKRIT COURSE

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