Exercise 22

A) Form and translate the Absolute for the following verbs:

1. आप् — आप्त्वा (after he has obtained)
2. प्राप् — प्राप्य (after he has reached)
3. समास् — समास्य (after he has sat down)
4. आस् — आसित्वा (after he has sat)
5. समि — समित्य (after he has come together)
6. संस्कृ — संस्कृत्य (after he has prepared/consecrated)
7. कृ — कृत्वा (after he has done)
8. गम् — गत्वा (after he has gone)
9. उपगम् — उपगत्य / उपगम्य (after he has approached)
10. जि — जित्वा (after he has won)
11. विजि — विजित्य (after he has conquered)
12. तन् — तत्वा (after he has strung)
13. दह् — दग्ध्वा (after he has burned)
14. उपदिश् — उपदिश्य (after he has instructed)
15. नी — नीत्वा (after he has led)
16. पच् — पक्त्वा (after he has cooked)
17. उपपद् — उपपद्य (after he has stepped forward)
18. पा १ — पीत्वा (after he has drunk)
19. प्रच्छ् — पृष्ट्वा (after he has asked)
20. बुध् — बुद्ध्वा (after he has recognized)
21. सम्बुध् — सम्बुध्य (after he has awakened to knowledge)
22. भज् — भक्त्वा (after he has distributed)
23. भू — भूत्वा (after he has become)
24. प्रभू — प्रभूय (after he has arisen)
25. मन् — मत्वा (after he has meant)
26. मुच् — मुक्त्वा (after he has liberated)
27. विमुच् — विमुच्य (after he has released)
28. मृ — मृत्वा (after he has died)
29. यज् — ईष्ट्वा (after he has sacrificed)
30. लभ् — लब्ध्वा (after he has received)
31. उपलभ् — उपलभ्य (after he has perceived)
32. वच् — उक्त्वा (after he has spoken)
33. प्रवच् — प्रोच्य (after he has proclaimed)
34. वद् — उदित्वा (after he has spoken)
35. प्रवद् — प्रोद्य (after he has recited)
36. हन् — हत्वा (after he has slain)

B) Translate and resolve the compounds into Sanskrit:

१. अन्नं पक्त्वा ब्राह्मणदास्यत्ति ॥१॥
(ब्राह्मणस्य दासी)
The servant of the Brahmin cooked food and is now eating.

२. इष्टदेवतापूजां कृत्वेन्द्रादिदेवान्सद्ब्राह्मणाः स्तुवन्ति ॥२॥
(इष्टाया देवताया पूजां । इन्द्र आदिर्येषां तान्देवान् । सन्तो ब्राह्मणाः)
The good Brahmins worshipped their personal deity and now praise Indra and the other gods.

३. प्रस्थाय रामः सपुत्रः सद्गुरुश्रवणार्थेन ब्राह्मणग्रामं गच्छति ॥३॥
(पुत्रेण सह । सतो गुरोः श्रवणार्थेन । ब्राह्मणानां ग्रामम्)
Rāma has set out with his son and is going to the Brahmin village in order to hear from the good teacher.

४. अनिष्ट्वा नरो भगवद्भक्तिमात्रेणापि मोक्षमाप्नोति ॥४॥
Even if he has never performed a sacrifice, a person attains liberation solely through devotion to the Venerable One (Kṛṣṇa).

५. गृहगर्भं प्रविश्य ब्राह्मणपुत्रमुपस्थाय क्षत्रियशूरो वक्ति ॥५॥
(गृहस्य गर्भम् । ब्राह्मणस्य पुत्रम् । क्षत्रिय एव शूरः)
The Kṣatriya hero enters the interior of the house, stands in a respectful posture before the son of the Brahmin and speaks.

६. सम्बुध्य दुःखाद्यार्यसत्यानि प्रोच्य सुगतो मोक्षमार्गेण नरान्नयति ॥६॥
(दुःखमादिर्येषां तान्यार्याणि सत्यानि । सुष्टु गतः । मोक्षस्य मार्गेण)
Buddha (Sugata) has awakened to insight, has proclaimed the truth of suffering and the other noble truths, and now leads people on the path to liberation.

७. मन्त्रं विस्मृत्य यजन्यज्ञदोषं करोति ॥७॥
(यज्ञस्य दोषम्)
Since he has forgotten the verse, the sacrificer commits a sacrificial error.

८. धनं प्राप्य बुद्धमार्गभिक्षवो दुष्यन्ति ॥८॥
(बुद्धस्य मार्गो मार्गो येषां ते भिक्षवः)
When they receive money, monks who follow the Buddha's path are corrupted.

९. अनार्यशत्रुभिः संगत्य नरसिंहा विजयन्ते ॥९॥
(अनार्यैः शत्रुभिः । नराः सिंहा इव)
The lion-like men have encountered the enemies who are not Āryas, and they achieve complete victory.

१०. पुण्यं कृत्वा सत्यमेवोदित्वा नरो नरकं नोपपद्यते ॥१०॥
If he has done meritorious deeds and spoken only the truth, a person does not go to any hell.

Fig.: धनं प्राप्य बुद्धमार्गभिक्षवो दुष्यन्ति
(Bildekilde: Detaljer)

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Passive Constructions

C) Transform the above sentences (except for sentences 8 and 10) into passive constructions:

१. अन्नं पक्त्वा ब्राह्मणदास्याद्यते ॥ २. इष्टदेवतापूजां कृत्वेन्द्रादिदेवाः सद्ब्राह्मणैः स्तूयन्ते ॥ ३. प्रस्थाय रामेण सपुत्रेण सद्गुरुश्रवणार्थेन ब्राह्मणग्रामं गम्यते ॥ ४. अनिष्ट्वा नरेण भगवद्भक्तिमात्रेणापि मोक्ष आप्यते ॥ ५. गृहगर्भं प्रविश्य ब्राह्मणपुत्रमुपस्थाय क्षत्रियशूरेणोच्यते ॥ ६. सम्बुध्य दुःखाद्यार्यसत्यानि प्रोच्य सुगतेन मोक्षमार्गेण नरा नीयन्ते ॥ ७. मन्त्रं विस्मृत्य यजता यज्ञदोषः क्रियते ॥

९. अनार्यशत्रुभिः संगत्य नरसिंहैर्विजीयते ॥