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Exercise 36

A) Form both the reduplicated and periphrastic perfect forms for the following stems:

PresentReduplicatedPeriphrastic
. बिभ्रतेबभ्रिरेबिभरां चक्रिरे / -आसुः / -बभूवुः
. बिभ्यतिबिभ्युःबिभयां चक्रुः / -आसुः / -बभूवुः
. जुहोतिजुहावजुहवां चकार / -आस / -बभूव
. वेत्तिविवेदविदां चकार / -आस / -बभूव

B) Form the periphrastic perfect for the root आस् (to sit):

PresentPeriphrastic Perfect
. आस्तेआसां चकre / -आस / -बभूव
. आसतेआसां चक्रिरे / -आसुः / -बभूवुः

C) Form the corresponding perfect for the following forms:

Present / ImperfectPerfect
. जीयतेजिग्ये
. विदन्तिविदुः / विविदुः / विदां चक्रुः
. विन्दतिविवेद
. त्याजयिष्यतित्याजयां चकार / -आस
. ऐक्षन्तईक्षां चक्रिरे / -आसुः
. अगापयत्गापयां चकार / -आस
. अपद्यन्तपेदिरे
. चिनोतिचिकाय / चिचाय
. हन्तिजघान
१०. प्रभविष्यन्तिप्रबभूवुः
११. क्रामन्तिचक्रमुः
१२. प्राव्रजन्प्रवव्रजुः
१३. त्यक्ष्यतितत्याज

Translations

. पुत्रे जाते सुगतः कुलं धनं च तत्याजागाराच्चानगर्यं प्रवव्राज । बुद्ध्यार्यसत्यानि प्रज्ञाय प्रज्ञया च दुःखान्मुक्तो मोक्तुकामार्यजनान्बोधयामासेति भिक्षव आहुः ॥१॥
When a son was born to him, the Enlightened One left his family and property and went forth from home into homelessness. With his intellect he comprehended the Noble Truths, was liberated through the knowledge of suffering, and brought those noble people who desired liberation to realization — thus report the monks.

. ब्राह्मणा महादेवयज्ञायाग्निं चिक्यिरे । ब्राह्मणेष्विन्द्रादिदेवान्स्तुवत्स्वग्निर्यज्ञान्नमाश । एवं यज्ञen ब्राह्मणा महादेवैरादयां चक्रुस्तांश्च स्तोत्रानि श्रावयां बभूवुः ॥२॥
The Brahmins piled up a fire for the great sacrifice to the gods. While the Brahmins praised Indra and the other gods, the sacrificial fire consumed the food. Thus, through the sacrifice, the Brahmins caused the great gods to eat and had them hear hymns of praise.

. रक्षितधर्मक्षत्रिययोधा महानगरं जेतुकामाञ्छत्रून्विजिग्युर्न तु जघ्नुः ॥३॥
The Kṣatriya warriors, who guarded justice, defeated the enemies who wanted to conquer the great city but did not kill them.

. अधीतवेदद्विजो द्विजधर्मं वेद ॥४॥
A twice-born person who has studied the Veda knows the right and custom of the twice-born.

. विद्ययैव जीवितुं न शक्यते । य एवं विदुर्नाधीयीरन् ॥५॥
One cannot live solely from science. Whoever knows this should not study.


Fig.: विद्ययैव जीवितुं न शक्यते
(Uppruni myndar: Upplýsingar)


Scholarly Fragments

. महाभारत १३..२५-२६

येन प्रीणति पितरं तेन प्रीतः प्रजापतिः ।
प्रीणति मातरं येन पृथिवी तेन पूजिता ॥
येन प्रीणात्युपाध्यायं तेन स्याद्ब्रह्म पूजितम् ।
सर्वे तस्यादृता धर्मा यस्यैते त्रय आदृताः ।
अनादृतास्तु यस्यैते सर्वास्तस्याफलाः क्रियाः ॥
With that which one gladdens one's father, the Creator is gladdened; with that which one gladdens one's mother, the Earth is revered; with that which one gladdens the teacher, the Veda is revered. Whoever respects these three, respects all regulations; whoever does not respect them, their actions are all fruitless.

. मनुस्मृति ४.१५४ (Behavior towards the Elderly)

अभिवादयेद्वृद्धांश्च दद्याच्चैवासनं स्वकम् ।
कृताञ्जलिरुपासीत गच्छतः पृष्ठतो ऽन्वियात् ॥
One should greet the elderly with proper form, yield one's seat to them, and stand before them with folded hands. When an elder departs, one should follow him.

. मनुस्मृति २.९८ (Control of the Senses)

श्रुत्वा स्पृष्ट्वा च दृष्ट्वा च भुक्त्वा घ्रात्वा च यो नरः ।
न हृष्यति ग्लायति वा स विज्ञेयो जितेन्द्रियः ॥
If a man neither rejoices nor grieves when he hears, touches, sees, tastes, or smells, then he is considered one who has conquered his senses (जितेन्द्रियः).


Fig.: भुक्त्वा घ्रात्वा च न हृष्यति ग्लायति वा
(Uppruni myndar: Upplýsingar)


Word Form Analysis

Determine and translate the following word forms:

Word FormDeterminationMeaning
. नयतिनी (1U) 3. sg. P. Ind. Pres.he leads
. समस्कुर्वन्सम्-कृ (8U) 3. pl. P. Impf.they prepared
. स्यात्अस् (2P) 3. sg. P. Opt. Pres.he would be / should be
. यस्याम्यद् Loc. sg. f.in which
. अधीयतेअधि- (2Ā) 3. pl. Ā. Ind. Pres.they study
. प्रोचुःप्र-वच् (2P) 3. pl. P. Perf.they proclaimed
. समादधातिसम्--धा (3U) 3. sg. P. Ind. Pres.he concentrates himself
. हरेःहरि (m.) Abl./Gen. sg.of/from the Yellow (Hari)
. हरेहर (m.) Loc. sg.in Śiva (Hara)
१०. हरेत्हृ (1U) 3. sg. P. Opt. Pres.he would take
११. जह्रेहृ (1U) 3. sg. Ā. Perf.he took for himself
१२. आक्रीणीत-क्री (9U) 3. sg. Ā. Opt.he would buy
१३. व्यक्रियतवि-कृ (8U) 3. sg. Pass. Impf.it was changed
१४. प्राजहुःप्र-हा (3P) 3. pl. P. Impf.they left
१५. प्रजहुःप्र-हा (3P) 3. pl. P. Perf.they have left
१६. ददेदा (3U) 3. sg. Ā. Perf.he gave for himself
१७. दत्तेदा (3U) 3. sg. Ā. Ind. Pres.he gives for himself
१८. हितेधा (3U) PPP Loc. sg. m./n.in the Established
१९. हीयतेहा (3P) 3. sg. Pass. Ind. Pres.he is left
२०. जज्ञेज्ञा / जन् 3. sg. Ā. Perf.he recognized / was born
२१. यज्ञेयज्ञ (m.) Loc. sg.in the sacrifice
२२. तेनतद् Instr. sg. m./n.by this
२३. तेनेतन् (8U) 3. sg. Ā. Perf.he stretched on
२४. ततःतन् (8U) PPP Nom. sg. m.stretched / (Adv.) upon it
२५. सतःअस् (2P) Part. Pres. P. Gen. sg.of the Being
२६. जगौगै (1P) 3. sg. P. Perf.he sang
२७. पशौपशु (m.) Loc. sg.at the animal
२८. मेनेमन् (4Ā) 3. sg. Ā. Perf.he thought
२९. मानेमान (m./n.) Loc. sg.in pride / in measure
३०. एतस्मात्एतद् Abl. sg. m./n.from this
३१. तयातद् Instr. sg. f.by them
३२. लेभिरेलभ् (1Ā) 3. pl. Ā. Perf.they received
३३. ओषुः-वस् (1P) 3. pl. P. Perf.they dwelt with
३४. व्यानक्वि-अञ्ज् (7P) 3. sg. P. Impf.he revealed
३५. युङ्क्तेयुज् (7U) 3. sg. Ā. Ind. Pres.he connects for himself
३६. अपिबत्पा (1P) 3. sg. P. Impf.he drank


Mynd: जगौ
(Uppruni myndar: Upplýsingar)

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