Grammar Topics

This page provides a systematic overview of all grammatical topics in the Sanskrit course. Each of the 61 lessons is categorized thematically here.

1. Phonology & Script (Saṃhitā & Lipi)

Introduction to Sounds: Systematics and pronunciation -> Lesson 1
Script Introduction (Devanāgarī):
Vowels and simple consonants -> Lesson 40
Conjunct consonants (Ligatures) -> Lesson 41 & Lesson 42
Sandhi (Sound Combination):
Sandhi of final -s/Visarga -> Lesson 2, Lesson 3, Lesson 30
Sandhi of -m, -e, -d -> Lesson 4
Vowel Sandhi -> Lesson 3, Lesson 24
Sandhi of -n -> Lesson 7
Sandhi for Nasals -> Lesson 21, Lesson 26
Cerebralisation (n -> ṇ / s -> ṣ) -> Lesson 10, Lesson 26
Word Sandhi (h-, ch-) -> Lesson 44, Lesson 51
Consonant Sandhi (Summaries) -> Lesson 16, Lesson 43

2. Lexicology (Morphology)

2.1 Nouns and Adjectives (Declension)

Fundamentals: Case Grammar -> Lesson 1, Lesson 2
A-stems (Masculine & Neuter) -> Lesson 2, Lesson 7
I- and U-stems -> Lesson 3, Lesson 27, Lesson 52
Consonantal stems:
Stems ending in -mant / -vant -> Lesson 13
Stems ending in -n (Rājan, Ātman) -> Lesson 38
Simple consonant stems -> Lesson 51, Lesson 54
Root nouns ending in -ā, -ī, -ū -> Lesson 61
The Dual of nouns -> Lesson 49, Lesson 50, Lesson 53
Numbers & Comparison:
Numeral words (Cardinals/Ordinals) -> Lesson 52
Comparison (Comparative/Superlative) -> Lesson 53

2.2 Pronouns & Adverbs

Pronouns:
Interrogative and demonstrative pronouns -> Lesson 4
Relative pronoun (yad) -> Lesson 19
Personal pronouns (1st & 2nd person) -> Lesson 46, Lesson 47
Indefinite pronouns -> Lesson 37
Adverbs & Address:
Formation of adverbs -> Lesson 37, Lesson 52
Polite address & vocative -> Lesson 21, Lesson 44

2.3 Verbs (Conjugation)

The Present System (Indicative):
Personal endings (3rd, 2nd, 1st person) -> Lesson 6, Lesson 44, Lesson 39
Thematic classes (1, 4, 6, 10) -> Lesson 6, Lesson 28
Athematic classes -> Lesson 17, Lesson 33, Lesson 7, Lesson 31, Lesson 8, Lesson 30
Other Tenses & Moods:
Imperfect (Past) -> Lesson 32
Optative & Imperative -> Lesson 30, Lesson 48
Perfect (Singular/Plural) -> Lesson 34, Lesson 35, Lesson 36
Perfect (Dual) -> Lesson 60
Future (Simple & Periphrastic) -> Lesson 26, Lesson 61
Aorist (Past) -> Lesson 54, Lesson 55, Lesson 56, Lesson 57, Lesson 58
Derived Verb Forms:
Passive & Causative -> Lesson 10, Lesson 28, Lesson 29
Intensive & Denominative -> Lesson 61
Verbs in the Dual (Dual Number) -> Lesson 59, Lesson 60

2.4 Nominalbildungen & Komposita

Komposita (Samāsa):
Dvandva (Kopulativkomposita) -> Lektion 5, Lektion 9
Tatpuruṣa (Determinativ) -> Lektion 15, Lektion 18
Upapada-Komposita -> Lektion 51
Bahuvrīhi (Possessiv) -> Lektion 20
Suffixe & Partizipien:
Wichtige Suffixe (-a, -ana, -tra, etc.) -> Lektion 8, Lektion 9
PPP (Partizip Perfekt Passiv) -> Lektion 12, Lektion 13
PPA (Partizip Perfekt Aktiv) -> Lektion 52
Absolutivum & Infinitiv -> Lektion 22, Lektion 23

3. Sentence Theory (Syntax)

Nafnorðssetningin -> Lexía 2
Spurningarsetningin -> Lexía 37
Málfarsnotkun:
Nafnorðssetning & nefnifall -> Lexía 2
Þolfall (einnig tvöfalt) -> Lexía 7, Lexía 11
Tófall -> Lexía 10
Eignarfall -> Lexía 14
Þágufall -> Lexía 24
Fráfellisfall -> Lexía 25
Staðarfall -> Lexía 27
Aukasentningar:
Tilvísunarsetningar -> Lexía 19
Notkun lýsingarorða -> Lexía 12, Lexía 44

4. Métrica (Doctrina de los versos)

La filosofía y la literatura sánscritas están a menudo compuestas en versos. La métrica enseña el ritmo y la estructura de estos versos.

Introducción & Śloka -> Lección 45, Lección 53
Métricas avanzadas (Trīṣṭubh, Jāgatī) -> Lección 54